PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ADOLESCENTS WITH SEVERE SPEECH DISORDERS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF THE VALUE-SENSUAL SPHERE

Abstract

The current stage of development of special and inclusive education actualizes the problem of comprehensive research of personal development of children and adolescents with special educational needs, in particular, individuals with severe speech disorders. Adolescence is a sensitive period for the formation of the value-semantic sphere of the personality, which determines the direction of life, features of self-perception, the system of interpersonal relationships, life priorities and the ability to build one's own life perspective. It is during this age period that intensive formation of worldview, moral guidelines, reflexive mechanisms, identity and awareness of one's own place in society takes place. For adolescents with severe speech disorders, this process may have a specific character due to the presence of persistent difficulties in communication, restrictions on social interaction and increased psychological vulnerability. The problem of severe speech disorders is not limited only to speech deficit as such. Speech disorders are systemic in nature and affect the development of cognitive, emotional-volitional, motivational and personal spheres. Limited opportunities for verbal self-expression, difficulties in conveying one's own thoughts, experiences and needs often lead to the formation of secondary psychological complications, including increased anxiety, emotional instability, self-doubt, decreased self-esteem, avoidance of social contacts and difficulties in building productive interaction with peers and adults.

In adolescence, communication acquires special importance as a leading mechanism of socialization and self-affirmation. It is through communication that a teenager builds a system of social ties, receives social recognition, learns the norms and values ​​of the group, and constructs ideas about himself and others. For adolescents with severe speech disorders, communication barriers can significantly complicate this process, which often leads to social isolation, a sense of otherness, frustration of the need for acceptance and belonging to a group. In such conditions, the formation of the value-semantic sphere can occur unevenly, contradictory or acquire a compensatory character.

The value-semantic sphere is a complex multi-level formation that includes a system of personal values, life meanings, motives, attitudes, beliefs and ideals that determine the internal position of the individual. In the structure of the individual, it performs a regulatory function, ensuring the integrity of behavior, internal consistency of actions and life choices. The formation of the value-semantic sphere in adolescence is an important prerequisite for the development of autonomy, responsibility, life competence and the ability to self-realization.