DESIGN OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH: A STRUCTURAL AND LOGICAL MODEL – FROM HYPOTHESIS TO INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and methodological substantiation of the key structural components of psychological research and outlines the logic of their sequential implementation, aimed at ensuring scientific coherence and the verifiability of results. The primary objective of the study is to systematize the essential stages of the research process—from the formulation of a scientific problem, research questions, and hypotheses to the procedures of data collection, processing, analysis, and interpretation—with a particular emphasis on ensuring methodological alignment between the research objectives and the applied methods, as well as the attainment of valid and well-founded scientific conclusions.

Special attention is given to the adherence to fundamental principles of scientific inquiry, including validity, reliability, sample representativeness, and internal methodological consistency, which collectively form the foundation for high-quality empirical work in psychology. The hypothesis is conceptualized as a central theoretical construct that structures the research process, guiding the targeted collection and interpretation of data and shaping the development of evidence-based conclusions.

The article explores the specificities of applying both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods, including statistical procedures and interpretative approaches, which enable a deeper understanding of psychological phenomena. It is concluded that adherence to a structurally and logically coherent research model facilitates the advancement of scientific knowledge, enhances the quality of research findings, and supports the formulation of practical recommendations relevant to applied psychology. Thus, the presented material contributes to a deeper understanding of the methodological foundations of psychological inquiry and serves as a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners in the field of psychology.